Primate evolution Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Primate evolution - Assignment ExampleThe shortening of arms also occurs and its significance is to make running smooth because balance is maintained (Gebo and Severson 11).cranial development is a notable anatomical occurrence. The size and capacity of the brain vary across the various evolutionary groups. Primates developed a larger cranial capacity as compared to their immediate predecessors. For instance, Homo habilis had an approximate cranial capacity of 600 cubic centimeters while Homo erectus had a brain capacity that ranged betwixt 800 and 1100 cubic centimeters. The increase in the brain capacity was a continuous process throughout the evolution stages.The toes and fingers of the early primates were sensitive. The earliest forms had nails with a claw-like fitting making hunting achievable. The nails also served as protective gear against external aggression. The forelimbs and the hind limbs had an opposable finger and an opposable toe respectively. The opposable finger m akes it docile to grasp objects and food. Since some primates navigated trees, the opposable fingers and toes made the grasping of tree branches easy thus enabling movement along trees.The early forms of man had an optically based anatomy characterized by forward facing eyes. Among human beings, the eyes face the sides of the skull. The forward facing eyes gave the primates a three-dimensional opine of their environment. The vision is stereoscopic. Therefore, the primates had a larger field of vision overlapping before their

Persuasive Research Paper on Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Persuasive Research Paper on Abortion - Essay physical exertione in favor of unrivalled direction over the other, are events such as rape, the certain death of the mother or baby if the maternal quality is allowed to continue and cases of incest. The purpose of this paper is to discuss abortion in both a political, moral and feminist light with respect to all of the educated arguments that currently surround the issue.Let us first discuss the most common reasons for one to decide to have an abortion. Abortion is often an alternative to accidental pregnancies or rather, pregnancies which are not planned. Specifically in the case of teen girls who have engaged in un sheltered sex. In many a(prenominal) cases, these young teens are not only feeling alone and frightened, but are fearful of the response that their parents may have at the news of their daughters pregnancy. In many states, a young girl can procure a legal abortion without the consent or knowledge of her parents. While t his does well to illuminate children born(p) into situations where they will not be cared for properly, it also creates the appearance that abortion is simply a contraceptive method no different than condoms or birth check into pills. This could not be farther from the truth. While it is unclear even to scientists and doctors, when to accurately say that a human fetus is alive, it is a daring assumption to practice that a fetus at any point in development is decidedly not a human being yet and therefore not protected from the act of homicide.Certainly, a womans body is her own and that fact is undisputable, period. It is important however, to consider that once a woman knowingly engages in the act of intercourse at which time she can feasible become responsible for another living organism growing inside of her which will one day be a human being, that woman becomes representative of two lives and not just one, her own. In this event, the woman should be subject to laws which acti vely protect both her and the individual growing within her. This is a very clear course of

Macro2B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Macro2B - Essay ExampleWorkers who spend time looking for employment are engaged in contemplate search. This type of unemployment is the case of frictional employment, which is due to the time workers spend in job search. This exists even when the number of tidy sum seeking jobs is equal to the number of jobs beingness offered, that is it does not mean that at that place is a surplus of labor. However, unemployment when thither are more people seeking jobs in a labor market than there are jobs available at the current wage is called as structural unemployment.Both frictional and structural unemployment is inevitable in any deliverance. Thus, a certain amount of unemployment is normal, which is called as the inherent rate of unemployment. The natural rate of unemployment is the unemployment rate that arises from the effects of frictional plus structural unemployment. Actual unemployment rate fluctuates around the natural rate of unemployment. The natural rate of unemployment is calculated as4. Perhaps tongue-in-cheek, some economists occasionally distinguish between good inflation and bad inflation. Speculate as to why these economists might see some inflations as superior to others.Inflation is the sign that an economy is growing or expanding. The lack of inflation is an indicator that the economy is weakening. A small inflation is just as bad as high inflation. Thus, it is not easy to label inflation as good or bad, and it depend on overall economy and individual personal thinking.When an economy grows or expands (boom) the price level of goods and services rises. This effectively increases the inflation. Since, economy is growing people have more money to purchase and therefore, the purchasing power of individual increases comparatively. This type of inflation is generally referred as good inflation. If an economy continue to grows, there comes to a point (peak), when the inflation is too high and government needs to do something to lower

The Black Holes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

The Black Holes - Research Paper ExampleIn circumstances where the neutron star is extremely large, the 0forces of gravity exceed the pressure gradient and this leads to a collapse. much(prenominal) a neutron star collapses and shrinks until it finally turns out into a slow hole. On such a scientific basis, this composing seeks to explain the properties, concepts, and space-time phenomena underpinning concept of the black hole formation. There are different types of black holes. The most common ones are charged, rotating, supermassive, and static (Schwarzschild 150). Importantly, these four types of black holes are made up of the same fundamental elements the singularity, the photon sphere, and the event horizon. However, the rotating black hole has an ergosphere which is a combination of two photon spheres. An interesting property about a black hole underlies the absorption of start and any other matter. Electromagnetic light once absorbed by a black hole cannot be reflected ba ck. This originates from the most defining quality of a black hole which regards its emission of gravitational waves. A black hole emits strong gravitational waves that cause light to bend towards it (Schwarzschild 120). As suggested by Green (145), gravitational waves are disturbances in space-time curvature that are caused by the doubt of matter. Being transmitted to a speed close to that of light, gravitational waves do not propagate through space-time. Even though gravitational waves travel straight through matter, the strength associated with them reduces as the distance from the initial source increases. As noted by Hengel (103), most black holes tend to be in a steady spinning motion as a consequence of the gravitational waves. It is this steady motion that absorbs matter and rotates it within the ring (the event zone) that is usually formed around the black hole. Such

Egyptian king Essay Example for Free

Egyptian king EssayThe two sculptures that I chose to compare and contrast were the Cycladic Woman Figure and the Menkaure and Khamerernebty sculpture. Though each is from a distinctly various culture and historical time termination, each depicts the female form in a unique and positive light, utilizing characteristic artistic items from the time period in which it was establishd to highlight the beauty of the female embodiment and her role in society. The Cycladic Woman Figure was sculpted from marble more or less 2600 and stands just over 24 inches high. At this height it is less than realistic life size, yet the statue embodies many feminine characteristics that seem to bring it to life. The lines of the statue are square(a) and the figure has a slap-up posture and rigidly folded blazonry. Horizontal lines are used to indicate the bends of her knees, while diagonal lines are used to outline her pubic area. In contrast, slue lines emphasize the rounded sides of her he ad and the most emphasized part of her physique, the curve of her hips. More subtle curves outline her breasts and abdomen.Her hips stand out from her otherwise straight posture, plentiful her wider dimension in this area. Her breasts and abdomen, in contrast, smoothly integrate with her straight figure and are more subtle gibeations of her femininity. This subtlety provides a pleasant balance to her straight posture. The color and texture are both smooth, with the marble being smoothed carefully to create a smooth composition from head to toes. The texture helps to create a balance between the straight lines at the top of her head, her arms and her feet and the curves of her chin, breasts and thighs.The visual rhythm of the statue is very vertical, and the eye is drawn up and down. Her legs are precisely very slightly parted, allowing for some light to come through. There is little shadow to the figure because her curves and arms are so subtly formed against the sopor of her fi gure. All use of positive and negative space is done within the rigid posture of the figure and lends itself to an organic, human shape. Menkaure and Khamerernebty, sculpted around 2540 BC, stands over quaternion feet tall, making it twice as large as the Cycladic Woman Figure.It depicts Egyptian king Menkaure and his queen, Khamerernebty. In both figures in the sculpture, similar smooth textures contrasting with groovy lines and straight postures mirror those of the previous statue. The pose of each figure is slightly different. Menkaure is seen in a more authoritative pose, one typical for figures of kings. His foot is forward, indicating authority, and his arms are straight at his sides with his hands clenched. Definition in his arm and chest muscles along with his prominent jaw line give him a smell out of maturity and power while also giving depth to the overall sculpture.His physique lends itself to creating light and shadow in the sculpture and there is a guts of depth ac hieved in his foot being placed forward and his beard extending from his face. Next to Menkaure stands his queen, Khamerernebty. There is evident repetition in their facial features, as salutary as in the angular shapes of their feet. Her posture is as stiff as his, but her legs are together and straight. There is also repetition in detail and texture between his headdress and her hair, with both extending to the same length on each of their shoulders.There is movement and rhythm incorporated into the statue by her arm retentivity on to his in a gesture that is both feminine and strong. The lines of her arm are straight, but the softness of her hand both on his arm and around his side suggests love. Her breasts and pubic area are defined with soft, rounded lines. This emphasizes her femininity and serves to balance his rigid authority. The curves of her pubic area and breasts also create shadow in the statue. This shadow along with the shadow created by Menkaures extended foot tak e the eye away from the negative space created between the two figures. some(prenominal) statues represent an important cultural relationship between the sculptor and the subjects. The Cycladic Woman Figure represented a reverence for the female form and an understanding of the immensity of the role of the female in society. Womans ability to reproduce and create new life is praised in the softness of her abdomen and breasts. In contrast, the figure of Khamerernebty suggests not fertility, but female power. She is posed alongside her king, holding on to him, and several prominent details place her at the same height and summit as him, indicating her role in the kingdom.She is seen as a powerful and influential figure. Her curves suggest strength rather than fertility and her main role is that of ruler. Both figures represent the female form and concepts of femininity and strength that were important aspects of their culture. In each, the sculptor represented the essence of female beauty that was most important to that culture at the time, and created examples of two of the many aspects of women that make them strong, beautiful creatures that are vital to any civilization.

Stress and Performance Essay Example for Free

Stress and Performance EssaySo far, we have seen that stress is a negative experience. We have seen the short-term negative effects that stress hormones can have on your performance, and have seen how stress can contribute to burnout. The Positive effects of coerce Sometimes, however, the pressures and demands that may cause stress can be positive in their effect. One example of this is where sportsmen and women flood their bodies with fight-or-flight adrenaline to power an explosive performance. some other example is where deadlines atomic number 18 used to motivate people who seem bored or unmotivated. We will discuss this briefly here, but throughout the rest of this range we see stress as a problem that needs to be solved. And the Negative In most work situations jobs, our stress responses causes our performance to suffer. A calm, rational, controlled and in the buff approach is usu every(prenominal)y called for in dealing with most difficult problems at work Our social inter-relationships ar just too complex not to be damaged by an aggressive approach, while a passive and withdrawn response to stress means that we can fail to assert our rights when we should.Before we manifestation further at how to manage stress and our performance, it is principal(prenominal) to look at the relationship mingled with pressure and performance in a little more than detail, first by looking at the idea of the Inverted-U, and second by looking at Flow. This is the ideal state of concentration and focus that brings excellent performance. Pressure Performance the Inverted U The relationship between pressure and performance is explained in one of the oldest and most important ideas in stress management, the Inverted-U relationship between pressure and performance (see below).The Inverted-U relationship focuses on peoples performance of a task. The left hand side of the graph is easy to explain for pragmatic reasons. When there is very little pressure on us to ca rry out an important task, there is little incentive for us to focus vital force and attention on it. This is deviateicularly the case when there may be other, more urgent, or more interesting, tasks competing for attention. As pressure on us increases, we record the area of best performance. Here, we are able to focus on the task and perform well there is enough pressure on us to focus our attention but not so much that it disrupts our performance.The right hand side of the graph is more complex to explain. Negative Thoughts Crowd Our Minds We are all aware that we have a circumscribed short-term memory If you try to memorize a long list of items, you will not be able to remember more than six or eight items unless you use formal memory techniques. Similarly, although we have huge processing power in our brains, we cannot be conscious of more than a few thoughts at any one time. In fact, in a very real way, we have a limited attentional capacity. As we become uncomfortably str essed, distractions, difficulties, anxieties and negative thinking begin to advertise our minds.This is particularly the case where we look at our definition of stress, i. e. that it occurs when a person perceives that demands exceed the personal and social resources the individual is able to mobilize. These thoughts compete with performance of the task for our attentional capacity. Concentration suffers, and focus narrows as our brain becomes overloaded. As shown in the figure, this is something of a slippery slope the more our brain is overloaded, the more our performance can suffer. The more our performance suffers, the more new distractions, difficulties, anxieties and negative thoughts crowd our minds.Other research has shown that stress reduces peoples ability to deal with large amounts of information. Both decision-making and creativity are impaired because people are unable to take account of all the information available. This inability accounts for the common observatio n that highly stressed people will persist in a grade of action even when better alternatives are available. It also explains why anxious people perform best when they are put under little spare stress, while calm people may need additional pressure to produce a good performance.Notes on the research behind the Inverted-U While this is an important and useful idea, peoples evaluations of stress and performance are by necessity subjective. This has made it difficult to prove the Inverted-U idea formally. Also, for ease of explanation, we show a smooth curve here. In reality, different people have different shaped and positioned inverted-Us at different times and in different circumstances. This is all part of lifes rich tapestry. Entering a State of FlowWhen you are operating in your area of best performance, you are normally able to concentrate, and focus all of your attention on the important task at hand. When you do this without distraction, you often enter what Professor Mihal y Csikszentmihalyi of Chicago University describes as a state of flow. This involves being completely involved in an activity for its own sake. The ego falls away. Time flies. Every action, movement, and thought follows needs from the previous one, like playing jazz. Your whole being is involved, and youre using your skills to the utmost.You perform at your best in this state because you are able to focus all of your efforts, resources and abilities on the tasks at hand. While you are sufficiently motivated to resist competing temptations, you are not so stressed that anxieties and distractions interfere with clear thought. This is an intensely creative, good and satisfying state of mind. It is the state of mind in which, for example, the most persuasive speeches are made, the best software is developed, and the most impressive athletic or tasteful performances are delivered.Helping Yourself to Get Into Flow One of the frustrations of management is that managers can feel that the y lose the right to these periods of deep concentration when they must be quick available to others, and be able to deal with the constantly changing information, decisions and activities around them. Studies of good managers show that they rarely get more than a few minutes alone without distraction. This alone can be frustrating, and can contribute strongly to managerial stress.In jobs where concentration is a rare commodity, there are dissimilar solutions to creating the periods of flow that sustain good performance. Solutions include working from home, or setting aside parts of the day as quiet periods. Another solution talent be to delegate the activities that require the greatest levels of concentration, allowing the manager to concentrate on problems as they arise, serving to create a flow of its own. One of the key aims of this position is to help you manage stress so that you can enter this state of flow, and deliver truly excellent performance in your career.

The Education of Henry Adams Essay Example for Free

The Education of atomic number 1 Adams Es imagineHenry Adams wrote a short bring in to his landmark autobiography The Education of Henry Adams, which bids crucial clues at to what the book aims at. The first question mark is concerning whether it is an autobiography at solely, and according to the admission of the reason it is non so in the conventional sense. He tells us that the theme is program line, and specifically it searches for a new mode of training that is appropriate to the age of intelligence and mechanization. If he is telling the story of his life, it is as if he is putting himself forward as a course in order to expose the misfit of a fit, which here(predicate) denotes traditional education. Adams wants to turn up to us that conventional education has not prepared him for the modern world, and this is the first aim we identify in the preface. The second, and related, aim is to show that such(prenominal) education did not educate his fathers either, des pite their smug assurances that it did. The third aim is to demonstrate that all education is self-education.A student cannot ask of his teacher to provide him with an education, and only a mastery of the alsols of education. A young man with a keen mind is expound as a nap of energy, but which is liable to go to waste without economical application. The teacher shows him how to use the tools, and thereby how to economize his force. Once the tools have served their resolve they must be discarded, and to demonstrate why this is so is the fourthly stated aim. If the student does not discard the baggage of his education he is liable to be burdened with inert facts, which becomes deadweight to him (Adams 379).The ordinal and final aim concerns the vitality of the manikin. To introduce the analogy of the manikin in the first place may suggest that the subject of the autobiography is not rattling a person at all. Whether he is or not, the manikin must be treated as a real person, for if this is not done the garment of education cannot be tested on the manikin at all. What Adams is really saying is that, although we should distrust the I of the autobiography, be lawsuit it is a pretentious and largely fictional being, we should realise to an extent, because autobiography is bound to contain a measure of truthBecause he distrusted the autobiographical I, Adams finds an alternative use of the subject of his autobiography, which is as a manikin doll to test suitably of conventional education, and whether it has prepared him for the world. He states that this act of self effacement is a trend started by Jean Jacques Rousseau, whose semi-autobiographical Emile is really an educational tract. Adams is suggesting that autobiography is automatically a narrative of ones education, and the narrator is simply the means by which this is accomplished.If this is the case, he prefers to do the deed expressly, calling the described character of Henry Adams a manikin doll, a nd education being the real subject matter. This does not mean that he becomes detached from the character, but he does fend off the I throughout, and narrates the story of Henry Adams strictly in the third person. The central concern of Adams is that conventional education is completely out of touch with the real world. in that respect is no doubt that he gets the best available education for his age, attending the prestigious Harvard College. But his complaint is a fundamental one.Regarding his Harvard education he says It taught elfin, and that little ill, but it left the mind open, free from bias, ignorant of facts, but docile. The graduate had few strong prejudices. He knew little, but his mind remained supple, ready to receive knowledge. (Ibid 55) In spite of being fiercely critical of Harvard at all time, what he describes of it, as evidenced in the above passage, is exactly what he states elsewhere that education should be. It is to have mastery of the tools and a remnant of an open mind, so that self education can proceed from thence onwards.Therefore, the point of his attack is not on the whole clear. We can understand the criticism, though, from the point of view of the education being anarchic and nihilistic, but this was an indictment against the American educational administration as a whole, and not just Harvard. For this he puts science on the dock, saying that if it does not promote a unity in vision. The modern search for scientific truth he relates to the worship of the dynamo, and he contrasts this to the worship of the Virgin, the iconic goddess of traditional Christianity.The worship of the Virgin promoted unity, and for which reason the Catholic Church was able to hold European civilization unitedly in the Middle Ages. Science challenged this vision and overcame it in the end. Science also announced unity. When Francis Bacon propounds the experimental method of observation and induction in the 17th century, his hope was that scien tific knowledge may arrive at unity, and one superior to the religious vision of unity because it eliminates mystery, and brings all knowledge into the clear light of day.But the promise of science has been proved to be erroneous, and after 300 years of unfettered science, multiplicity has come to be established as the regular mode of scientific knowledge. Adams maintains that such a situation cannot be dismissed lightly, and the American establishment certainly seems to do so. This is a failure of education, says Adams. Bacon had a clearly set intention of unity before him. But the typical American, confronted with multiplicity, failed to even recognize that there was a problem and an elderly American in 1900 knew neither the formula nor the forces (Ibid 379).The education system is to blame, he says, because it has turned learning into a merely mechanical process, and the learner is not even apprised of the underlying purpose anymore. This purpose must be unity, for chaos is na lways a goal. The modern educated happily tread the path of anarchy and nihilism in learning, not even aware of the paradox that they create for themselves. The implication of Adams is that modern education must teach how to deal with multiplicity. But Adams fails to recognize that the seemingly indifferent American may indeed be well-adapted.He even admits this much when he describes the typical educated American as a Christian anarchist, and says that this faith is national, racial, geographic (Ibid 408). such a Christian is different from the traditional one in that his belief in Christ does not lead to a unified communal vision, but rather to a personal one, and therefore one tending towards anarchy. Regarding such an American he says He never had kn sustain a complete unification either in Church or State or thought, and had never seen any need for it.The freedom gave him courage to meet any contradiction, and intelligence profuse to ignore it. (Ibid) This describes someone well adapted to multiplicity. This faith may be fundamentally American, but it cannot be maintained without the complicity of the educational system. The American adopts diversity and multiplicity as a God-given right, but the faith itself unifies the American nation. If the nation is unified, then the goal is none other than unity. In this sense the American educational system offers the best preparation to deal with multiplicity.If Adams feels helpless before multiplicity, it is only because he has not sufficiently imbibed the American faith. And if this is so then we can only say that the American educational system has failed in his instance. Contemplating the theme of unity, Adams judges that history has a direction. If this were not so, and multiplicity was an end in itself, the chaos is the only result. This is a prelude to his propelling theory of history which he develops later on in the Education. According to this theory, all life is motion, and this motion can either b e chaotic or purposeful.Science describes only the chance collision of atoms and molecules, which is but one more way to describe chaos. The historian tries to be scientific in his approach, but fails to notice that the philosophy of science is not conducive to his practice. Historians undertake to arrange sequences, called stories, or histories assuming in silence a relation of cause and effect, he says (Ibid 382). Without realizing it the historian is telling a story that has a moral lesson attached to the end of it, and he does so because he realizes subconsciously that history is dynamic and has a direction.It is Adams purpose is to reform the practice of history, so that the historian becomes conscious of the unity that he is striving for, and does not just blindly tag on with science. But Adams fails to realize that this is exactly how the philosophy of history has progressed along with the advance of science, and found culmination of a sort with the German philosophers and historians, especially through Kant, Hegel and Marx. At one stage he dismisses German philosophy as primitive and faddish, without realizing that his own goals coincide with theirs, and that in relation to them he is far lagging behind.Because vim is the lifeblood of history, inertia is the one and only barrier to it. Adams sees America at the forefront of the thrust of history, but he also notices huge swathes of inertia around the world, and he draws attention to the enormous body of China as clinging on to the past. Surveying the political situation, he soon gives up hope that China will ever overcome its political inertia, and shifts his hope towards Russia, which is undulating between the East and West.Russia is also a body enormous inertia, but Adams pins hope on it eventually overcoming this barrier and link the march of progress. But if history is all encompassing as Adams makes it out to be, then it cannot exclude inertia either. History has a place for both liberalism a nd reaction. Hegels grand synthesis is able to deal with this, whereas Adams one dimensional theory of dynamism cannot. A bigger threat than political inertia is sexual inertia. upbringing and homemaking lies at the root of human existence, and is the perpetual domain of the female.But the new dynamism ushered in by science wants to mechanize all tasks, and to collectivize all people. And to do this he leaves the home and denies sexual identity. Adams describes the plight of the modern man thus He could not run his machine and a woman too he must leave her even though his wife, to find her own way, and all the world saw her trying to find her way by imitating him. (Ibid 445) iodin could overcome political inertia with difficulty, but overcoming sexual inertia entails the extinction of the race.Yet an immense force, doubling every few years, was working irresistibly to overcome it, he says (Ibid 448). In response to this enormous onslaught against her, the woman fights back, for th e sake of her own survival and that of the race, by coming out into the mans world and duplicate him in deed. This is no doubt a profound and accurate appraisal of womans emancipation. But it is also a serious indictment of his own dynamic theory of history, because it then seems to run counter to the female instinct. It also seems to imply that human history is suicidal.In conclusion, Adams proposes a reform of education so that it teaches how to cope with multiplicity, which is the inevitable consequence of the advance of science. Such an education must be based on the dynamic theory of history, which posits that history has a purpose and direction even amidst multiplicity. According to the theory, the only barrier to dynamism is inertia, which may be either political or sexual. This essay has dealt with the ramifications of Adams ideas.Works CitedAdams, Henry. The Education of Henry Adams An Autobiography. Contributor Donald Hall. Boston Houghton Mifflin Books, 2000.